We had a three way tie for first in the top section but

the bottom section was won convincingly by John Brauker

with a perfect score! 

Thanks to everyone who played this month.  

--------------------TOP SECTION----------------------

-----------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | SAFAL BORA          |2.5  |H    |W   8|W   5|
   MI | R: 2195   ->2199    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | ANTHONY NICHOLS     |2.5  |W   8|W   7|D   3|
   MI | R: 2142   ->2141    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | ALEXANDER DEATRICK  |2.5  |W   4|W   5|D   2|
   MI | R: 1994   ->2008    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | JEFFREY GUILFOYLE   |2.0  |L   3|W   6|W   7|
   MI | R: 1723   ->1743    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | GARY KITTS          |1.0  |W   6|L   3|L   1|
   MI | R: 1869   ->1864    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | GLEN SCHMIEGE       |1.0  |L   5|L   4|W   8|
   MI | R: 1648   ->1650    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    7 | BRANDON O'NEIL      |1.0  |B    |L   2|L   4|
   MI | R: 1640   ->1627    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    8 | BRUCE ROTH          |0.0  |L   2|L   1|L   6|
   MI | R: 1784   ->1762    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------

-------------------BOTTOM SECTION--------------------

-----------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | JOHN BRAUKER        |3.0  |W   7|W   3|W   2|
   MI | R: 1410   ->1498    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | ADAM CRUTCHER       |2.0  |W   6|W   5|L   1|
   MI | R: 1530   ->1523    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | NATHAN METCALF      |2.0  |W   9|L   1|W   4|
   MI | R: 1474   ->1471    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | EVGENY EPSHTEIN     |2.0  |W   8|W   6|L   3|
   MI | R: 1337   ->1344    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | DOUGLAS REIST       |2.0  |W  10|L   2|W   8|
   MI | R: 1286   ->1288    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | JAMES O'NEIL        |1.0  |L   2|L   4|W   7|
   MI | R: 1231   ->1220    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    7 | CHARLES CASSIDY     |1.0  |L   1|W  10|L   6|
   MI | R: 1056   ->1048    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    8 | GREG BRAZEE         |1.0  |L   4|W   9|L   5|
   MI | R:  956P5 ->1007P8  |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    9 | MALACHI KEENER      |0.5  |L   3|L   8|D  10|
   MI | R: 1095   ->1044    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
   10 | PRATEEK KULKARNI    |0.5  |L   5|L   7|D   9|
   MI | R:  805   -> 808    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------

January Swiss

Thanks to everyone who tracked us down at our temporary location.

Congrats to Evgeny on his perfect score in the 2nd section!  

-------------------------Section 1------------------------------ 

----------------------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Player Name                    |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | USCF ID / Rtg (Pre->Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
----------------------------------------------------------------
    1 | ANTHONY T NICHOLS              |3.0  |W   6|W   2|W   4|
   MI | 12753902 / R: 2128   ->2148    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    2 | KEVIN CZUHAI                   |2.0  |W   3|L   1|W   5|
   MI | 10302307 / R: 2200   ->2200    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    3 | ALLEN WICKERING                |1.5  |L   2|D   4|W   6|
   MI | 12900488 / R: 1968   ->1970    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    4 | ANDREW G CATLIN                |1.0  |D   5|D   3|L   1|
   MI | 12442662 / R: 2001   ->1987    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    5 | NATHAN METCALF                 |1.0  |D   4|D   6|L   2|
   MI | 12917673 / R: 1505   ->1545    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    6 | KEVIN F JACKSON SR             |0.5  |L   1|D   5|L   3|
   MI | 12745409 / R: 1810   ->1793    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------Section 2----------------------------- 

----------------------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Player Name                    |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | USCF ID / Rtg (Pre->Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
----------------------------------------------------------------
    1 | EVGENY EPSHTEIN                |3.0  |W   2|W   5|W   3|
   MI | 14296764 / R: 1323   ->1379    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    2 | MICHAEL J HILL                 |2.0  |L   1|W   4|W   6|
   MI | 12496407 / R: 1349   ->1355    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    3 | MALACHI KEENER                 |1.5  |H   0|W   6|L   1|
   MI | 13923378 / R: 1098   ->1129    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    4 | CHARLES N CASSIDY              |1.5  |D   6|L   2|W   5|
   MI | 10299535 / R: 1022P21->1057P24 |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    5 | CONNOR ALLAN LINN              |1.0  |B   0|L   1|L   4|
   MI | 13854311 / R:  848   -> 831    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------
    6 | DOUGLAS D REIST                |0.5  |D   4|L   3|L   2|
   MI | 12562261 / R: 1381   ->1315    |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------------------  

December Swiss

Christmas came early in Lansing as 30 chess players gathered at
the December Swiss to share their love of the game. Congratulations
to Ratko and Safal on winning what was the strongest Top Section I
have ever directed!   And to Kevin Jackson Sr. for taking first in the
Bottom Section. Finally, John Brauker in the Third Section had the
only perfect score of the day!

-------------------Top Section-------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Name             |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)  | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
--------------------------------------------------
    1 | RATKO BOJANOVIC  |2.5  |D   9|W   8|W   6|
   MI | R: 2127->2138    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    2 | ANTHONY NICHOLS  |2.5  |W  10|W   6|D   3|
   MI | R: 2112->2126    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    3 | SAFAL BORA       |2.5  |W   7|W   5|D   2|
   MI | R: 2082->2114    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    4 | MICHAEL CHEN     |2.0  |L   6|W  10|W   7|
   MI | R: 2083->2092    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    5 | KEVIN CZUHAI     |1.5  |D   8|L   3|W  10|
   MI | R: 2200->2200    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    6 | ERIC FISCHVOGT   |1.0  |W   4|L   2|L   1|
   MI | R: 2208->2200    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    7 | KEVIN NOREN      |1.0  |L   3|W   9|L   4|
   MI | R: 2200->2200    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    8 | ANDREW CATLIN    |1.0  |D   5|L   1|D   9|
   MI | R: 2021->2017    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
    9 | PETER CHEN       |1.0  |D   1|L   7|D   8|
   MI | R: 1947->1950    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------
   10 | GARY KITTS       |0.0  |L   2|L   4|L   5|
   MI | R: 1888->1875    |     |     |     |     |
--------------------------------------------------

--------------------Bottom Section----------------

--------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | KEVIN JACKSON SR    |2.5  |D   5|W   4|W   2|
   MI | R: 1790->1806       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | BRUCE ROTH          |2.0  |W   6|W   3|L   1|
   MI | R: 1778->1784       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | JEFFREY GUILFOYLE   |2.0  |W   7|L   2|W   5|
   MI | R: 1723->1725       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | EVAN HAWVER         |1.5  |D   8|L   1|W   6|
   MI | R: 1730->1722       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | AARON VENIA         |1.5  |D   1|W   8|L   3|
   MI | R: 1499->1535       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | DAVID SUNDEEN       |1.0  |L   2|W   7|L   4|
   MI | R: 1615->1606       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    7 | JOHN GRIFFIN        |1.0  |L   3|L   6|W   8|
   MI | R: 1500->1500       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    8 | WILLIAM IGNASIAK    |0.5  |D   4|L   5|L   7|
   MI | R: 1577->1546       |     |     |     |     |
----------------------------------------------------- 

-------------------Third Section---------------------

------------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | JOHN BRAUKER        |3.0  |W  11|W  10|W   7|
   MI | R: 1375->1410       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | ADAM CRUTCHER       |2.5  |W   9|W   7|D   3|
   MI | R: 1521->1530       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | NATHAN METCALF      |2.5  |W   8|W   4|D   2|
   MI | R: 1495->1503       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | MALACHI KEENER      |2.0  |W   6|L   3|W   8|
   MI | R:  944->1097       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | COLLIN FOWLER       |2.0  |L   7|W   9|W  11|
   MI | R:  959->1050       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | MICHAEL HILL        |1.0  |L   4|L   8|W  10|
   MI | R: 1410->1349       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    7 | EVGENY EPSHTEIN     |1.0  |W   5|L   2|L   1|
   MI | R: 1344->1323       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    8 | JACK EMAUS          |1.0  |L   3|W   6|L   4|
   MI | R: 1081->1095       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    9 | CHARLES CASSIDY     |1.0  |L   2|L   5|W  12|
   MI | R: 1011P18->1022P21 |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
   10 | ELEANOR CRUTCHER    |1.0  |W  12|L   1|L   6|
   MI | R:  935-> 991       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
   11 | LEAH ZIEGLER        |1.0  |L   1|W  12|L   5|
   MI | R:  943-> 969       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
   12 | LARRY HODGE         |0.0  |L  10|L  11|L   9|
   MI | R: 1268->1163       |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------

November Swiss

Congratulations to Larry Hodge for not only winning

the bottom section but also gaining almost a 100 

rating points! Thanks to everyone for playing.

---------------------Top Section--------------------- 

-----------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Player Name         |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | ANTHONY T NICHOLS   |3.0  |W   4|W   2|W   5|
   MI | R: 2107   ->2112    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | GARY KITTS          |2.0  |W   3|L   1|W   6|
   MI | R: 1890   ->1888    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | ADAM MACEO CRUTCHER |2.0  |L   2|W   6|W   4|
   MI | R: 1466   ->1510    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | JOHN L GRIFFIN      |1.0  |L   1|W   5|L   3|
   MI | R: 1500   ->1500    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | AARON M VENIA       |1.0  |W   6|L   4|L   1|
   MI | R: 1509   ->1499    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | EVGENY EPSHTEIN     |0.0  |L   5|L   3|L   2|
   MI | R: 1370   ->1344    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------

------------------Bottom Section---------------------

-----------------------------------------------------
 Pair | Player Name         |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
 Num  | Rtg (Pre->Post)     | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------------
    1 | LARRY HODGE         |2.5  |W   4|W   2|D   3|
   MI | R: 1177   ->1268    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    2 | JOHN BRAUKER        |2.0  |W   5|L   1|W   7|
   MI | R: 1395   ->1375    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    3 | ROBERT GLEN VASEY   |2.0  |D   7|W   6|D   1|
   MI | R: 1312   ->1305    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    4 | ELEANOR CRUTCHER    |2.0  |L   1|W   8|W   6|
   MI | R:  828   -> 937    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    5 | CHARLES N CASSIDY   |1.5  |L   2|D   7|W   8|
   MI | R: 1016P15->1011P18 |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    6 | ROD SCHAAF          |1.0  |W   8|L   3|L   4|
   MI | R: 1219   ->1167    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    7 | COLLIN FOWLER       |1.0  |D   3|D   5|L   2|
   MI | R:  923   -> 960    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------
    8 | JACOB RYAN HOOVER   |0.0  |L   6|L   4|L   5|
   MI | R:  743P3 -> 677P6  |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------------

October Swiss

Congratulations to Charles and Malachi on tying for

first place in the bottom section! Thanks to everyone

for playing.

----------------Top Section------------------                       

---------------------------------------------
| Name              |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre->Post)   | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
---------------------------------------------
| ANTHONY NICHOLS   |3.0  |W   7|W   6|W   2|
| R: 2082   ->2107  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| ANDREW CATLIN     |2.0  |W   8|W   3|L   1|
| R: 2054   ->2053  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| BENJAMIN BRANDT   |2.0  |W   5|L   2|W   6|
| R: 1961   ->1970  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| BRADLEY WALKER    |1.5  |L   6|D   5|W   7|
| R: 1731   ->1733  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| SAM COSTANZO      |1.5  |L   3|D   4|W   8|
| R: 1486   ->1524  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| JIM MARFIA        |1.0  |W   4|L   1|L   3|
| R: 2177   ->2157  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| JEFFREY GUILFOYLE |1.0  |L   1|W   8|L   4|
| R: 1675   ->1667  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| JOHN GRIFFIN      |0.0  |L   2|L   7|L   5|
| R: 1500   ->1500  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------

---------------Bottom Section----------------

---------------------------------------------
| Name              |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre->Post)   | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
---------------------------------------------
| CHARLES CASSIDY   |2.5  |W   7|W   4|D   2|
| R:923P12->1016P15 |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| MALACHI KEENER    |2.5  |W   8|W   5|D   1|
| R: 947   -> 974   |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| EVGENY EPSHTEIN   |2.0  |L   5|W   8|W   6|
| R: 1406   ->1370  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| ROBERT VASEY      |2.0  |W   6|L   1|W   5|
| R: 1345   ->1312  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| JACOB MATHEWS     |1.0  |W   3|L   2|L   4|
| R:  673   -> 758  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| BRYCE RICHARDSON  |1.0  |L   4|W   7|L   3|
| R:  597   -> 608  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| DON DEATRICK      |1.0  |L   1|L   6|W   8|
| R:Unrated->369P3  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------
| DAVID BENDA       |0.0  |L   2|L   3|L   7|
| R:101P4 -> 102P7  |     |     |     |     |
---------------------------------------------

Congratulations to Michael and Bruce on tying for 1st.

Thanks to everyone for playing!

------------------------------------------------
| Name                 |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre->Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
------------------------------------------------
| MICHAEL L CHEN       |2.5  |W   4|W   5|D   2|
| R: 2083   ->2081     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| BRUCE I ROTH         |2.5  |W   9|W   6|D   1|
| R: 1725   ->1780     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| FRANK R SPOONER JR   |2.0  |D  10|W   7|D   5|
| R: 1700   ->1700     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| EVGENY EPSHTEIN      |2.0  |L   1|W  10|W   8|
| R: 1396   ->1406     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| GARY KITTS           |1.5  |W   8|L   1|D   3|
| R: 1909   ->1898     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| ANTHONY T NICHOLS    |1.0  |W   7|L   2|U   0|
| R: 2096   ->2082     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| JOHN L GRIFFIN       |1.0  |L   6|L   3|W  10|
| R: 1500   ->1500     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| LARRY HODGE          |1.0  |L   5|W   9|L   4|
| R: 1181   ->1178     |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| CHARLES N CASSIDY    |1.0  |L   2|L   8|B   0|
| R:  937P10-> 923P12  |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------
| PHILIP M PORTER      |0.5  |D   3|L   4|L   7|
| R:  826P17-> 864P20  |     |     |     |     |
------------------------------------------------

August Swiss

It's been a long time since we have had three sections!

Congrats to all the winners. See you next month! 

-----------------Section 1---------------------

-----------------------------------------------
| Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre-Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------
| MICHAEL L CHEN      |2.5  |W   4|W   3|D   2|
| R: 2066-2085        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| ANDREW G CATLIN     |2.5  |W   6|W   7|D   1|
| R: 2057-2065        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| RONALD BRUMLEY JR   |2.0  |W   8|L   1|W   5|
| R: 2184-2182        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| R RAYMOND GARRISON  |2.0  |L   1|W   6|W   7|
| R: 1877-1891        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| ANTHONY T NICHOLS   |1.5  |D   7|W   8|L   3|
| R: 2100-2092        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| MARK E STEFANSKI    |1.0  |L   2|L   4|W   8|
| R: 1743-1750        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| NEAL ANDERSON       |0.5  |D   5|L   2|L   4|
| R: 1895-1884        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| JAMES M ABBOTT      |0.0  |L   3|L   5|L   6|
| R: 1899-1876        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
----------------Section 2----------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre-Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------
| BRUCE I ROTH        |2.5  |W   8|D   2|W   3|
| R: 1706-1725        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| BRIAN D CARPENTER   |2.5  |W   4|D   1|W   6|
| R: 1587-1627        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| BRADLEY E WALKER    |2.0  |W   5|W   6|L   1|
| R: 1745-1741        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| CHRIS AUTERA-POLZIN |2.0  |L   2|W   8|W   7|
| R: 1378-1423        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| AARON M VENIA       |1.0  |L   3|L   7|W   8|
| R: 1533-1510        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| JOHN L GRIFFIN      |1.0  |W   7|L   3|L   2|
| R: 1500-1500        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| THOMAS FRASER       |1.0  |L   6|W   5|L   4|
| R: 1304P8-1315P11   |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| JOHN BRAUKER        |0.0  |L   1|L   4|L   5|
| R: 1434-1395        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
--------------Section 3------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| Name                |Total|Round|Round|Round| 
| Rtg (Pre-Post)      | Pts |  1  |  2  |  3  | 
-----------------------------------------------
| SOPHIE M STEFANSKI  |3.0  |W   9|W   6|W   4|
| R: 1107-1136        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| RYAN GUDAL          |2.0  |W   3|L   4|W   5|
| R: 1173-1148        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| ALEX DI GIUSEPPE    |2.0  |L   2|B   0|W   7|
| R:  816-858         |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| PRATEEK KULKARNI    |2.0  |B   0|W   2|L   1|
| R:  754-805         |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| CHARLES N CASSIDY   |1.5  |D   8|W   9|L   2|
| R:  922P7-937P10    |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| COLLIN FOWLER       |1.5  |W   7|L   1|D   9|
| R:  920-923         |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| BENNARIO CHAPMAN    |1.0  |L   6|W   8|L   3|
| R: 1114-1071        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| ROD SCHAAF          |0.5  |D   5|L   7|U   0|
| R: 1276-1226        |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------
| KARTHIK VUYYURU     |0.5  |L   1|L   5|D   6|
| R:  441P13-480P16   |     |     |     |     |
-----------------------------------------------